Which of the following is a method used to promote soil stability?

Promoting soil stability is crucial for preventing erosion and maintaining the integrity of landscapes. Planting deep-rooted vegetation is a highly effective method for achieving this. The roots of deep-rooted plants anchor the soil, creating a network that binds soil particles together. This enhances the soil's structural stability, making it less susceptible to erosion caused by water or wind. Additionally, deep-rooted plants help improve water infiltration and reduce surface runoff, further contributing to soil stability.

In contrast, options like water logging and excessive tilling can exacerbate soil instability. Water logging can saturate the soil, leading to compaction and increased erosion potential. Excessive tilling disrupts the soil structure, making it more vulnerable to erosion. Using chemical fertilizers, while beneficial for plant growth, does not directly contribute to soil stability in the same way that deep-rooted vegetation does. In fact, reliance on chemical fertilizers can lead to negative soil health effects over time, which may indirectly reduce soil stability. Hence, the practice of planting deep-rooted vegetation stands out as the most effective method for promoting soil stability.