What factors affect sediment transport in streams?

The factors influencing sediment transport in streams are fundamentally tied to the physical characteristics of the water flow and the sediment itself. Water velocity, sediment size, and stream gradient are critical because they directly determine the capacity and competence of a river or stream to carry sediment.

Water velocity is essential as it dictates how much and how quickly sediment can be moved. Faster water can lift and transport larger particles, while slower water may only be able to move finer sediments.

Sediment size plays a key role because different sizes settle at different rates due to their weight and shape. Larger, heavier particles require greater velocity to be transported, while smaller, lighter particles can be suspended in the water more easily.

Stream gradient, or the slope of the streambed, affects the speed of the water flow. A steep gradient typically results in faster-moving water, which increases the stream's energy and capacity to transport larger quantities of sediment.

Thus, the interaction of these three factors will determine the sediment transport dynamics in any stream system.